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SACRED RELATIVES

Grizzlies and wolvesare sacred relatives, integral to the Yellowstone-area watersheds and homelands & ancestral territories central to Nez Perce treaty rights and seasonal lifeways. These predators regulate deer & elk herds that overgraze camas meadows and berry patches if unchecked, ensuring roots (like kouse, biscuitroot), huckleberries and other plants thrive for Nimíipuu seasonal harvests. They also scatter seeds via scat, enriching watersheds where spring Chinook and fall salmon return - foods treaty negotiators named as inseparable from hunting rights. Without them, the full food circle collapses, mirroring dam impacts on salmon.

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TREATY FOUNDATION (1855 ARTICLE 3) Open and unclaimed land rights explicitly protect access to Yellowstone-area forests for hunting/gathering, where Nimíipuu secured verbal promises of mobility. Grizzlies & wolves inhabit these usual and accustomed places, their presence affirming balanced ecosystems essential to Qoq’aalx hunts, salmon weirs and root grounds - core lifeways the treaty enshrined against reservation confinement. Bounties and Sheridan-era policies slashed grizzlies from 50,000+ to ~800 by 1900, wolves likewise eradicated, severing ecological reciprocity just as bison slaughter tested treaty mobility. Today’s approximately 1,900 grizzlies & recovering wolves face delisting by WY, ID & MT, enabling trophy hunts and rancher culls that isolate populations of slow-reproducing species - undoing our duties in Nimiipuu homelands and ancestral territories where we still exercise treaty rights. Sustained ESA protections are non-negotiable: they restore the web of relations - predators, prey, plants, fish - that makes Nez Perce treaty claims and food sovereignty viable.

THE SACREDNESS OF ALL LIFE

  • A bear swimming in a body of water, with water splashing around it.

    EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED

  • A wolf walking through a forest with trees and rocks, with three bears in the background.

    TREATIES PROTECT OUR FUTURE

  • A young girl with straight hair and light-colored eyes, wearing a t-shirt with a leaf pattern, standing in front of a wooden wall with painted murals.

    FIRST FOODS KINSHIP

  • An elderly woman wearing sunglasses, earrings, and a patterned top standing outdoors in front of a rural landscape with hills and a body of water.

    WE ARE SALMON PEOPLE

  • A group of women and children outdoors, with one woman holding a toddler and another woman in front of them, possibly during a community or outdoor event.

    STRENGTHENING OUR CIRCLE

  • Group of four people paddling in a canoe on a calm body of water, with trees in the background, black and white photograph.

    CANOES ON THE WATER

  • A black and white photo of two bison grazing near a river, with a forested landscape in the background.

    OUR LANDS, OUR WATERS, OUR FUTURES

The earth is part of my body; I belong to the land out of which I came.​ The earth is my mother.

~ Too-hool-hool-zute

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